Calcimine and process of making same.



UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE; a

'nosnnr w. connE Ison, or SOMEBVILLE, new mnsar, l ssmnon, 'ro ma co'r'r-A- LAP couranr, or somnavrnm, new JERSEY, A coarona'rron OZE NEW 1,244,033. F No Drawing.

To all whom itmqy'concerhi Be it known that 1, ROBERT W. CORNELI- SON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of; Somerville, in the county of 6 Somerset, and State of New Jersey,'have invented certain new .and useful. Improvements in Calcimines' and Process of Making Same, of which the following is a specificatlon.

10 My invention relatesto the production of colored calcimines and has for its object to,

small number of ingredients-kept in small, quantities, a large number of difierent hues and tints, with a certainty th t the exact tint or hue-desired will be obta ned ineach case. All the ingredients of my calcimine are kept in dry, solid form, which also makes it easy to put them in containers of different characters, as will be set forth more fully hereinafter.

Heretofore dry prepared calcimines have generally been supplied to the trade and to the user ready mixed, such calcimines consisting essentiallyfof one or more main body substances' mixed with adhesive material formingdhe necessarybinder. The pig ments most commonly Fused are clay and B5 whiting, and when desired, tints are produced by incorporating with the-mixture, ocher, "redoxid. 'or other suitable coloring matter. The binder is usually glue,,or casein with the necessary alkalinesubstance for 40 solution. "These substances are all suitably powdered by grinding, either before, or durit m or after the mixing, and the resulting white or: tinted calcimine is put up insuitable packages. The manufacturer will sup- 46 ply the dealer with as many difi'erentftmts and hues, put up I in separate packa s, as

l the customers may be expected to cal forr' 10f course, some tints will be more in-de- V mand "than others, but should, there; be; a sudden demand for some tint not ordinarily kept insto ck, or' an unusually large demand for some tint of which only a limited supply "-is on'han'd; tIiedeaIer willnotbe ahltaj to, I satisfy his customers at once; 1Il 'f8 l(5t, m j

Specification of Letters Patent.

' i w v i 7 Application filed 1914. Serial 110. 827,501.

cncIiumE AND rnocnss or mm"; sum.

Patented Oct. 23,1917.

order" to beprepared for a shift-in in the":

customers demands, the dealer'will e compelled to keep a much larger stock than the actual'sales would require, thus increasing the capital and interest charges.

According to m nvention, I employ a 0 single calclmine ody, which the dealer would keep in stock separately,j and a limited number (say, three different kinds only) of coloring bodies, made in accuratelypredetermined quantities, and vI also provide65 a chart showing a large number of hues and tints, together with the exact number of color units (of one or more kinds) which must be combined with one body unit to produce the several'huesand tints shown on the chart The dealer would'therefore' have to keep in stockfonly a number. of body units according to the needs of'his trade, :1 .number of-say yellow color units, a number 0f red color-units, and a number Df blil 76 colorunits. All the body units would be of the same weight,- andall-unitsof thesame 1001GT would be of the same weight; p ferably, the units of all colors would of h the same weight, and in anyevent, .theQB!) Weight or the 0101 units would be slnall relatively to th weight-ofthe bodyfunit's,

,In the preferred form of my invention, the

calcimine' body would contain a eolorekeproducing material, while, the color. units- 8|;

would consist of lake-forming colo 'ng-matters. I, am thus enabled to emplo la class Q ofcoloring matters difit'erent fromft ose used hemfm'ei namely b y and am by Qnfittain y ch higher" degree offal oneentration of the colorfunlts (and there- 1 ore reduced fbulk.) as well asja morethorq.

v ought distribution; and other-ad a t g which will be pointed out hereiniifter.

terial,.a main portion consisting ofasuita- 7 -able binder and of 'theiabove mentioned main body substances-whichfonn the; chief*1o'p constituents of the finished. product. For 1 eiample, the calcimine-bodyimay consist' of g color-lal'ie-produc ing material .1, and of a;

mixture of ground glue with whiting, china clay; or other similar "substance or sub in callthe main; bodysubstances. Usually they are white or-"nearly so, and inexpen The. calcimine body; employed "accordingv stances. These latter: substancesl shallhere- Y ored pigments (or a pi aluminum, or I may employ some other salt of aluminum, chromium, iron, or other metal. Some dyes will precipitate ,andiorm color lakes with basic phosphates, silicates, and the like.

The color units, in the preferred form of my invention, are lake-forming coloring matters, as I have stated above. By this term I designate adye which has the propverty of combining with the material which I have termed color-lake-producing material as defined above, to form an insoluble pigment. For example, many of the commercial azo dyes are sodium salts of color ,acids and are soluble in water while the corresponding barium" salts are insoluble or nearly so. When a solution of the sodium.

. salt of theazo color comes in ontact with a solution of barium chlorid, tliere occurs a double decomposition resulting in the forma tion of sodium chlorid and the barium salt of the azo compound, 5. 6;, a color lake. The formation of color lakes sudh as mentioned in connection with my invention, usually in- 'volves chemical action and takes place only in the presence of water.

It is a well-kno'wn fact thata soluble dye remaining in this condition is not a suitable colori material for acalcimine'. By -.my improv d process I am enabled to produce in and throughout the calcimine body, in 'situ', so to speak, in a state of very fine sulidivision, a colored constituent, namely, a colored pigment or lake which at once im-' parts its tint to the. whole mixture. It-is well understood that this color lake ha s 'not v previously existedas such in any of the oonstituentsof myimproved calcimine, al-

' though of course, the ingredients required for the roduction of such color lake were present in the constituents of my calcimine.

An example of my invention is as follows :-'For the new calcimine body I make a mixture of 500 grams of whiting, 4135 grams of china clay,

45 grams of powdered glue, 1 50 grams of sulfate of aluminum,

making 1000 grams'in all. The whole being finely powdered and thoroughly mixed, is put up in suitable eonta-iuers, such as. cans,

therewith.

in exactly measured amounts, for instance of 500 grams or 1000 grams each. This calcimine body is dr and solid, that is to say, it is not paste-like or liquid, although preferably in the powdered condition, so that it will readily mix with water. The bulk or greater portion of this calcimine body is insoluble in water, and will simply become suspended in water when mixed As suitable lake-forming coloring matters, for -use with the above calcimine body, the followingmay be used, for example:

For yellow, chrysophenin G cohcentrated (Bayer). i I

For red; diamin rose B extra (Cassella).

For blue, indigo carmine (Schultz & Jules) (Greens translation, #692).

It will be understood that the above are given as examples only, which I have se lected chiefly because they are well-known dyes and are typical of dyes which, for 'the greater part at least, are precipitated-by a mixture of aluminum sulfate with an excess of calcium carbonate (whiting). Chrysophenin G concentrated is very fast to light, but as to blue, there are other substances more suitable in this respect than indigo carmine. only moderately fast to light. Still in many I prefer to select dyes which are exceedingly fast both to light and to r'Qka-lis.

As stated, I may use many other dyes, and

for certain purposes there may be others more suitable than the particular ones Diamin rose B extra is cases, the particular substances named above 'W1lldo very well; 111 some cases, however,

named, yet with theyellow, red and blue named above I can obtain almost every shade that may be desired. Furthermore,

in view of the concentrated condition in which these substances; are readily-purchas able, a comparatively small amount'of the lake-forming coloring matter is 'suflicient to produce tints of the depth usually'requ'iredfor'ca-lci'mine work. .The lakeo rately measured quantities, say of ,1 gram, either as loose p0wder,'but preferably in 'coherent fo'rm, as small blocks or tablets.

. 'ming coloring matters would sold inaccu Y smallerthan that of the calci'mine'body), the

lake-forming coloring matters. might be wrapped in paper '.(w it h a .suitable label), v

or sold-in suitable containers, or even without any containers, since tablets, even of d fferent colors, may be kept in the .pamters pocket as he goes to his job. without anydanger of getting mixed. If the tablets-,- for the sake of convenience and as a protec- 2 i vantages over liquid or paste-like substances,

tion against soiling and crumbling, are put in a conta ner, there is no necesslty of providing a separate container for each color,

butowing to their coherent nature, tablets of the same or of different colors may be kept in the same container without any danger of'their getting mixed. If desired, a suitable designation or mark (such as Blue or B) may be placed on each tablet, for instance by molding such word ormark in the tablet at the time of forming the tablet. In any event, both the body units and the color units (or units of color-lake forming material) are solid, that is to say, not pasty or liquid. The advantages derived from using the materials or. ingredients in this condition are manifold. Less expensive packages or containers can be used, paper bags or envelops being sufiicient in many cases, and as stated above, the container may even be dispensed with altogether when the units are, made in coherent bodies such as tablets. It will also be obvious that as to shipping. solid dry substances such as are used in my invention, ofier material adfirst, in that accompanying freight will be less exposed to damage in case the package containing the calcimine ingredients should.

be broken so as to allow its contents to come 'in contact with accompanying goods, and second, the sh pping expense is lower on account of the absence of the liquid portion (Water), which is readily obtainable anywhere. I also avoid all corroding action of contents on container, which in the case of liquid or paste like ingredients is a frequent source not only of damage to the container, but of contamination of the ingredients resulting in delicate tints being thrown off color. .I further avoid changes in shade such as may be caused by chemlcal action between tinted materials and a liquid vehicle, or by the action'of tinted materials on each other if allowed to stand for long periods of time in the presence of a liquid.

Finally, it is. well-known that in mixed paints of a liquid or semi-liquid character, the settling of certain ingredients, and particularly pigments, is liable to form a hard mass at the bottom of the container, so that the paint, if usuable at all, can be made serviceable only by much labor in stirring and mixing it to restore the proper homogeneous condition. All these defects and dangers are avoided by the use of solid, dry

ingredients according to my invention.

To recapitulate, in'the preferred form of my invention, there would be prepared, and offered for sale by the dealers, only a limited number of different units, of which four kinds would generally be suflioient for all requirements occurring in practice, viz.: (1) body units, say of 1000 grams each; (2) units of yellow lake-forming coloring matpective users) showing ter; (3) units of red lake-forming coloring matter; and (4') units'of'blue lake-forming coloring matter. Thethree kinds of color units named under 2, 3, and 4 would be say of 1 gram each, and preferably in the form of compressed tablets. In addition to these several units,-the dealer would keep a chart (copies of which might/also be given to prosand hues that-could be obtained by employthe numerous tints ing a body unit with one or more color units.

The body unit, used alone, would produce a substantially white color. (say 1000, grams) with one blue color unit (say 1 gram) would produce ayery light One body unit blue tint; if two blue color units are used with one body unit, a somewhat deeper shade of blue would. be obtained, and thus, by,

increasing the number of'blue units per body unit, still deeper shades of blue would.

be produced. In the corresponding way,

tained by using one body unit with one lighter or darker red calcimines could be obor more red unlts, and similarly,'diiferent shades of yellow could be produced." By

employing the body unit in conjunction with one or more blue unlts-and one or more-yellow'units, various shades of green would be obtained... -Thus, by using the body unit in conjunction with one or more color units,

'either of the same color, or oftwo or threedlfi'erent. colors (yellow, red, andblue), a-

very large number of different tints and hues could be produced. The chart would show not only the difi'erent tints and huesob; tainable by means of my body unit and color units, but also the exact composition of each hue or tint, for instance indicating that a particular tint required three red units, two blue units", and one yellow unit for each body unit. If the color units are sold in envelops or other containers, it might be convenient duce anyone of the various tlnts or hues shown on the chart, and it will be obvious that with red, blue, and yellow color units,

all tints and hues ordinarily required could be produced, the number of nations being exceedingly large. 1

The method of using my improved calcimine is as follows: For a small ceiling 1 unit possible combiof calcimine body (1 kilogram) is usually suflicient. Thew'orkman, therefore, carries one body unit and an assortment of'color units. The latter being exceedingly small (say,-1"gram each), the workman could readily carry a complete assortment, s'ufiicient for of color necessary enables the workman to all ordinary purposes, in his vest pocket.- carry a large assortment of colors in his Having arrived at the job, the workman would show the color chart to the customer, who would then select the desired color from the chart. By referring to the chart, the workman would ascertain at once how the desired color is to be produced, that is to say how many units of each color he will have to use for one unit package of calcimine body. He then counts out the correct number of tablets, or other forms of color units, and throws them into some water. He also takes a unit of calcimine body and mixes. it with slightly less than the requisite amount of water. When both the color units and the body unit are thoroughlydisintegrated and mixed with the water, the two liquids are poured together and the mixture stirred thoroughly. Another good way (whichIprefer in practice) is to first disintegrate the color units in water and then mix the liquid with the body unit. The amount of water required in each case will be readily ascertained by any man familiar with calcimining. I suggest 1-],- liters of water to l kilogram of body unit. The calcimine is applied to the ceiling or other surface, in the usual way.

It will be obvious that each color unit may contain only one lake-forming coloring matter, as in the examples given above, or a mixture of two or more substances of this character, suitable for the production of the desired result. All these substances, however, "should be capable of forming insoluble pigments with the color-lake-producing material contained in my calcimine body. (In the particular example of calcimine body given above, the sulfate of aluminum is the color lake-producing material). Of course, I do not wish to-confine myself to the exact formula or ingredients named above for the cal classes of colors indicated. Obviously, I

cimine body,.or to the particular colors or might use quite different materials, for in' stance the so-called basic colors, and add tannic acid to my calcimine body. A ain, there are manydyestufis'wliich form 'Iakes with salts of lead (for example, naphtholgreen B.), of copper, and of other metals.

If aluminum sulfate and whiting be used, chemical action begins as soon asthe calcimine body comes in contact with water.

From aluminum sulfate, calc um carbonate f (whiting), and water, there isproduced cal cium sulfate, aluminum hydroxid, and carbon dioxid. Upon the addition of the color units, aluminum lakes of such colorswould be formed. r By reason of the high degree ofconcentration in which lake-forming coloring mat ter is obtainable commercially, it isnot nec essary to add more binder (adhesive material) to my calcimine when the color units are added. The comparatively small weight pocket (as stated above), and he may color my calcimine body any shade desired at the time it isapplied. It is to be understood that I employ the color-lake-producing material in such proportions as to precipitate the lake-forming coloringmatter in sufficient quantity to render insoluble or pigmcntize, so to speak,enough of said coloring matter to meet the requirements of the ordinary calcimine.

As I have pointed out above, -I might use barium chlorid and various other metallic salts as the color-lake-producing matter, but for most work 'I prefer aluminum sulfate, and calcium carbonate in the form of whiting. I may add other ingredients to the calcimine body, such as china clay, etc. When I employ aluminum sulfate and an equivalent quantit or an excess of calcium contained in the calcimine body, for exmple, china clay. I might al 'so mention that when using comparatively large quantities of aluminum sulfate and calcium carbonate, as I do in my invention, or at least in its preferred form, the carbonlc acid generated is decidedly beneficial, inasmuch as it assists in producing a thorough mixture of the calcimine body with water, by

' breaking up anv lumps which might v tend to form otherwise. The same result may be obtained by incorporating effervescent 10-5 material, such as for instance bicarbonate of soda and oxalic acid, either in the body units or in the color units. \4 I V arlous modifications maybe made without departing-from the nature of my invention 'asset forth in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention: 1. A prepared calcimine comprising a body containing, in addition to a measured quantity of solid ingredients the bulk of which is insoluble in water, effervescent material which will assist the disintegration of. the body when in contact with water, together with color-lake-producing material, and .color units containing lake-forming coloring 'matter complementary to said coloring matter. and effervescent material distributed throughout the color. units to assist .their disintegration when in contact with water.

'2. In the art of preparing a colored calcimine. the step which consists in bringing together a color-lake-producmg material, a

calcimine body, and lake-forming coloring matter. 4

3. A calciminc comprising lake-forming coloring matter, and a calcimine body which contains a color-lake-producing material.

4. In the art of preparing colored calcimine, the improvement whlch bonsists in bringing together a lake-forming coloring matter and a calcimine body which Contains color-lake-producing material.

5. A calcimine comprising lake-forming coloring matter, and a calcimine body con-. taining dye-precipitating material.

6. A calcimine containing glue and a salt of a metal, together with preeipitating mar terial for said salt, and a soluble dye, which dye will form a color lake in and throughout the calcimine with acompound of the said metal, substantially as set forth.

7. The process of "precipitatinga color lake inand throughout a .prepared calci mine containing a suitable binder, which consists in introducing into the calcimine,

material which will form an insoluble compound witha soluble dyepand adding a lake-forming dye inthe. presence of water. 8. The process of coloring a calcimine,

'Which consists in incorporating a precipitaut with the calcimine' body and then addsald precipitant, will be precipitated in. and throughout the said calcimlne.

9. The process of coloring a calcimine,

which consists in incorporating with the]. calcimine body, a lake-producing precipitating material, and then adding alsoluble dye adapted to form a color lake with said -precipitating material. x In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification inthe presence of-two subscrib ing witnesses.

Witnesses:

' Jo n:- Lo'rim, n Cmmm s .A, Mum,

ing 'a soluble dye which, by the action of ROBERT W. CORNELISON. 

